The Rise Of Democracy Throughout Europe Essay - 1947 Words

The Rise of Democracy in Europe The rise of democracy within Europe was vital to the importance of the individual, and was marked by a transition from the governing by one feudal lord, to the governing by an elected official. This transition brought change not only to humanistic thinking, but also enabled mankind to have basic human rights which improved life for the country’s citizens. This shift of thinking to the rights of individuals was spurred by the Protestant Reformation and the creation of the social contract which enabled a perfect atmosphere for the rise of democracy within Europe. During the feudal system, military lords ruled the people with little regard for human rights. The people were used only as pawns for the wellbeing of the feudal system and were seen as such, but with the rise of an economy based on money instead of land, the feudal system began to rapidly decline. As the feudal system dwindled away, the individual rights of man increased with the rise of the market economy, which in turn propelled the spirit of democracy within the people (International Center for Peace and Development ). While money began to circulate within this new type of economy, the financial stability of the monarchs began to collapse, while the merchant class was becoming wealthy. This transition of wealth tore down the stronghold that had suppressed the population during the feudal system, and allowed the wealthy merchant power to become important political figures.Show MoreRelatedThe History of Politics Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesreason has not always been the case in the historical spectrum. Throughout the course of history, politics has changed from being a totalitarian regime to permitting the people to determine some of their collective destiny. 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Multiculturalism the problem today Free Essays

In turn toing the essay inquiry Is Multiculturalism the job now ; I will be reasoning that it is a job now by giving sensible and valid justifications. I will be besides examine the single constructs and definitions of multiculturalism every bit good as touching somewhat on urban civilization, and show how these constructs are represented in today ‘s society with negatively. Harmonizing to Giddens ( 2001 ) civilization is defined as â€Å"the values, ceremonials and ways of life feature of a given group† . We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism the problem today or any similar topic only for you Order Now These values and norms can change and are slightly dependent on societal and cultural influences experienced by a peculiar group. One such peculiar group or civilization I will be looking at are Muslims and the decisions that Tariq Modood drew when measuring the after mat of the bombardments of 7/7. Other such groups or influences can in bend create the outgrowth of farther subcultures within mainstream civilization that can be identified and segmented by elements such as ethnicity, gender and faith, and in bend become subcultures which is defined as â€Å"meaning systems, manners of look or life styles developed by groups in low-level structural places in response to dominant significance systems, and which reflect their effort to work out structural contradictions originating from the wider social context† ( Brake: 1985: p8 ) . Subcultures harmonizing to Blake ( 1985 ) are different from one another because they each consist of three typical basicss they are â€Å"Image – visual aspect composed of costume, accoutrements such as hair – manner, jewelry and artifacts. Demeanour – made up of look, pace and position, for illustration what they were and how they wear it. Argot – a particular vocabulary and how it is delivered to work out structural contradictions originating from the wider social context† . ( Brake: 1985: p8 ) . Most theorist including Thornton ( 1995 ) have the same decision when specifying subcultures ; â€Å"Subcultural political orientations are a agencies by which youth imagine their ain and other societal groups assert their typical character and affirm that they are non anon. members of an uniform mass† . ( Thornton: 1995: p185 ) . When looking at subculture, Hebdige ( 1979 ) acknowledge â€Å"That familiar objects warrant analysis as marks and depositories of organized significances, as much linguistic or ‘pure ‘ ocular signal. Under the conceptual umbrella of subculture, he brings together art, literature, music, manner, and even attitude, and places these on the same analytical plane. ( McRobbie: 1994: p14-15 ) . Multiculturalism is normally defined as the acknowledgment of diverse cultural brotherhoods that applies to the demographic make-up of different topographic points or intuitions. The thoughts of multiculturalism are the interaction of diverse cultural civilizations that need to be respected and valued in mundane life. Pakulsk ( 1997 ) believes that multiculturalism can besides be translated as cultural citizenship, which is a combination of civil, political and societal rights. Cultural citizenship involves others admiting and accepting the demands and differences when set uping equal rights to suit these differences. ( Fulcher A ; Scott: 2007 ) , which besides includes an person to show one ‘s ain individuality, instead than an individuality be forced onto them as society deem tantrum. Harmonizing to the Parekh study ( 2000 ) multiculturalism covers five single facets, which as follow: All persons have the right to be treated every bit, irrespective of gender, coloring material, ethnicity, faith and age. As Britain is a broad and multicultural society it needs to take into history the demands of other spiritual and cultural communities. Persons all have different demands which can non be ignored a unvarying signifier of intervention can non be applied has this will take to favoritism and equality. Each society needs to consistent and respectful of diverseness and alteration. That equal chances and self – development should be for all. The Parekh study ( 2000 ) besides goes on to province that adjust to coherence, equality and diverseness by using three different theoretical accounts the first being the Nationalist theoretical account which is when the province promotes a â€Å"single national culture† ( The Parekh Report: 2000 ) .Whereas the existent theoretical account is based on the fact that Britain is a homogenous society, which it is non because of its many at odds traditions. The 2nd theoretical account is that of the Liberal theoretical account which requires a â€Å"common political culture† ( The Parekh Report: 2000 ) . A difference of both the populace and private domains needs to be acknowledged within different communities, and non merely for the dominant civilization. Where as the dominant civilization is shown through linguistic communication, faith, values and ethical motives, which minorities do non experience that they can take part in as they are made to experience inferior. The la st theoretical account is that of the pluralist theoretical account which focuses on â€Å"cultural diverseness is accommodated in the public realm† ( The Parekh Report: 2000 ) . In the theoretical account alteration and integrating is recognized and non merely tolerated. When specifying urban civilizations we are uniting a mixture of different metropoliss all over the Earth, that have certain behaviors and cultural basicss that are different from persons populating in rural countries. Urban civilization is â€Å"The metaphor for corporate life and the new infinite for researching both individuality and difference ( Jenks: 1993: p189 ) . The word urban is used in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada to exemplify hip hop civilization or a sub vision of black civilization. Caribbean civilization has â€Å"A distant societal and geographical footing and is the merchandise of a alone historical experience ( The Parekh Report: 2000: p29 ) . But Caribbean civilization has besides been diluted by other cultural influences such as â€Å"East Indian, British, Spanish, Gallic, Dutch, Portuguese and Chinese. It can non be traced back to one set of roots† ( The Parekh Report: 2000: p29 ) . In decision, modern-day Youth civilization chiefly relies on selling and consumerism, without assorted media formats i.e. the cyberspace, magazines, and record labels, wireless Stationss and music telecastings young persons would happen it difficult to emulate persons or follow manner tendencies and remain abreast with the latest technological promotion such as the development of societal networking sites viz. Facebook and Twitter. When the mainstream media is picturing youth civilization, multiculturalism and urban civilization, more frequently than non they are negatively reproduced or sensationalised to derive maximal impact in order to derive readers attending, therefore the positive facets of youth civilization is frequently ignored in favour sensationalisation. One such media mercantile establishment which is rather expert at this negative reproduction is the South London Press which preponderantly highlights violent offenses ( allegedly ) committed by black urban young persons in the South London locality. Then there is the Eastern Eye which is a publication that is circulated in the Asiatic communities of Hounslow and Southall in West London that focuses on ( allegedly ) offense that is committed by urban Asians young persons. This phenomenon could be attributed to market cleavage as publishing houses attempt to aim a specific section of a crowded market place with dwindling readership Numberss in order to derive limited market portion, in my position this effort by print media to derive market portion and increase circulation have resulted in them concentrating chiefly on negative sensationalised headlines and either intentionally or negligently take to disregard positive facets of youth civilization and in peculiar urban civilization. Bibliography Blake, M ( 1985 ) Comparative young person civilizations – The sociology of young person civilizations and young person subcultures in America, Britain and Canada, USA, Routledge and Kegan Paul Inc Fulcher, J A ; Scott, J ( 2007 ) Sociology, Oxford University Press Giddens, A ( 2001 ) Sociology Fourth edition, Cambridge, Polity Press Haralambos, A ( 1983 ) Sociology a new attack, Polity Press Jenks, C ( 1993 ) Culture – Second Edition, Routledge Kidd, W, Kirby, M, Koubel, F, Barter, J Hope, T Kirton, A, Madry, N, Manning, P, and Triggs, K ( 1998 ) Reading sociology, Oxford, Heinemann educational publishing houses Longhurst, B ( 1995 ) Popular music and society, Cambridge, Polity imperativeness McRobbie, A ( 1994 ) Postmodernism and popular civilization, London, Routledge O ‘ Donnell, G ( 1993 ) Sociology today, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Representations and Youth, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mediaed.org.uk/posted_documents/repsyouth.html The Parekh Report ( 2000 ) The Future of Multi- Ethnic Britain, Profile books Thornton, S ( 1997 ) The societal logic of subcultural capital { 1995 } .In K.Gelder and S Thornton Eds. , The subcultural reader. London, Routledge How to cite Multiculturalism the problem today, Essay examples

Negative & Positive Impacts of Tourism Activity-Free-Samples

Question: Identify and analyze negative and positive impacts of tourism activity on the host community at the location. Answer: Based on the article, it was found that various events were organized at Tasmania, Australia, which attracted more than 70000 tourists to visit the place to experience the events. The events created jobs for many people staying there and it was considered as a major source of income for them. The article presented that the events were arranged not only for the sake of enjoyment of the tourists, but also maintained the culture and diversity of the place, furthermore provided a legacy of infrastructure and skills all throughout. The Government of Tasmania spent a huge amount of money and most of the funding was administered or managed through the events held at the place. The article focused the delivery of information regarding the boutique events capital of Australia, which targeted at gaining more than 1.5 million tourists by the year 2020, promoted Tasmania as a business event destination, maintained the social values and beliefs and even enriched the keen sense of the community. T he articles presented necessary and relevant information regarding the enrichment of community, created plans for a better future and developed social cohesion too, which enabled people to participate in the community programs. The article stated about the benefits tourists could obtain by visiting the place during the events such as visiting the Gumboot tree in Cornima to experience the scallop pies and visit the Edge of Bass strait to watch penguins. It was though ignored in the article about the negative impacts caused such as pollution, feeding the penguins with foods and littering here and here, which prevented the maintenance of an ecological balance in nature. The article discussed about the positive and negative impacts created by the tourism activities on the residents attitudes staying at Tasmania, Australia. From this article, it could be understood that the attitudes and behaviors of the residents tend to change with the probable effects created by the tourism activities. The primary purpose of the article was to identify the various models and theories needed for generalization of the results obtained along with the development of a brief literature review to come to a conclusion. The residents of Tasmania valued the positive effects of tourism such as creating more employment scopes and opportunities and it had been a steady source of income for many residents. The article discussed how they could benefit from the tourism activities by negotiating with them and created a local business environment. The attitudes and behaviors of the residents changed and it made them do certain changes and improvements in the community infrastructur e and public facilities. This improved the living standards of the people and thus the economic benefits were sought and valued as important activities by the people staying at Tasmania, Australia. The article also discussed about the attitudes and behaviors of the residents towards the socio-cultural impacts, which could affect the values, beliefs, customs, social life and the people living in the place too. Not only does the cultural activity gets influenced, but also there had been certain negative impacts as well. It was found that people created pollution in the Tasmanian island and even traffic congestion as created, which increased the level of vandalism, chaos and delinquency. Environmental impacts were also negative, because pollution was caused and there was lack of ability to preserve the natural resources properly. The tourism in Tasmania also supported multiple jobs in industries such as training, education, manufacturing and production along with agriculture, fishing a nd forestry, construction, etc. It was also found that at the north area, penguins came to visit the place, which was a major attraction for the tourists, but with increased pollution, the penguins count seemed to get lowered too. From the article, it could be understood that once the community become a tourist destination, the lives of people living in that place could get affected as well by the tourism activities. The paper discussed about the positive and negative impacts of the tourism activities on the host community at Tasmania, Australia. Various researches were conducted to highlight the impacts of the tourism activities including the poverty, per capita income, rate of criminal activities and pollution level. The topic also discussed about the life satisfaction of the individuals staying there along with the factors influencing their behaviors related to the safety, health and wellbeing. The article consisted of theoretical models that were developed to represent the perception of the people regarding their level of satisfaction with the life domains including the emotional experience, materials, community, health and safety. From the article, it was found that the life satisfaction of the residents within the community enhanced due to the tourism activities, because it created enough scope and opportunities for them to provide services to the tourists and gain a good amount of money. On the other hand, the article also depicted that the tourism activities caused significant harm to the life habitat and even created pollution, which created issues for the animals and aquatic life too. Based on the conceptual model and empirical study results, the tourism activities preserved the culture of Tasmania, Australia and even the areas went through significant transformation. This facilitated the change and certain improvements in the visitors needs and preferences and even created possible replacement of physical plants and facilities, furthermore reflected evolution in terms of various stages such as exploration, development, stagnation and decline. The importance of Government intervention and maintaining sustainability while managing the tourism activities were also depicted here t hat created positive impact on the quality of lives of residents within the community. The Tasmanian Mona Foma arts festivals brought out the culture of the place and even created ease for the residents to earn a significant amount of money by allowing the tourists to enjoy during their stay at the place. The accommodation facilities provided were provided within budget, which was another source of income for the residents. From the article, it was found that with the decline in traditional industries, the rural communities in Tasmania managed to explore alternative means of strengthening the economic resources and created better economic benefits for the residents. The article proposed a hypothesis, both positive and negative, which showed that the perceived benefits of sustainable tourism could positively affect the residents support for the sustainable tourism development and the perceived costs of sustainable tourism could negatively affect the residents support for sustainable tourism development as negative hypothesis. It was found from the article that the host within the community at Tasmania, Australia was benefited through the enhancement in economic growth and development along with improved quality of lives of people and protection of the physical locations too. According to the ar6ticle, community based tourism development had acted as an important tool for sustainable management. The artic le discussed about the social exchange theory, which allowed for supporting the residents for the development of tourism activities and even allowed to enhance the environmental quality, through improvement of lives of human beings, creating more opportunities for them and even preserving the natural resources and habitats in the place. The article also evaluated the negative impacts that might arise when the host residents would perceive that the community based tourism development could incur more costs that the probable benefits achieved, then the tourism activities would likely to be opposed by them. The article discussed about the data collection procedures such as survey questionnaires distributed to the respondents and conducting interviews with the managers of the tourism organizations to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data and information. The 11 item scale and SPSS tools were used according to the article, which further helped in articulating the benefits and iss ues that might be generated due to the tourism activities at Tasmania, Australia. The community resident support provided accommodation facilities and even increased the visitors to more than 211600. Thus, a positive impact on the GDP was created which further allowed the residents to maintain diversity and sustainability by preserving the natural resources. Thus, the article provided a brief introduction to the topic, literature review and various research methods along with data collection techniques too. The Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife service presented the article, which promotes conservation of wild life such as bars, penguin and many other species. The article discussed about the natural and cultural heritage specialists who managed to maintain the values of the wilderness and even focused on the threats such as introducing trout in the trout free lakes, unlawful fire lighting and even carelessness by the tourists. The article is reliable and authentic because the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife service have presented it and this even provided relevant information about the diseases such as plant diseases and dieback. According to the article, unlawful actions were prevented and sustainable approaches were considered as effective for increasing the tourism activities and improve the economic growth and success through preservation of natural and cultural heritage values and beliefs . The article presented at The Conversation stated about the benefits gained through the maintenance of paradise at Tasmania. It also discussed about the tourists and their impacts on the wilderness at Tasmania. According to the article, the wilderness zones were defined in the 1999 TWWHA management plan, which provided green light to the new tourism accommodation development at the Tasmanian wilderness. The article is reliable and authentic because of its updated and accurate information and data related to the topic regarding the negative and positive impacts of the tourism activities at Tasmania, Australia. The article mainly focused on the authenticity and reliability of the information considering the sustainable tourism at Tasmania. The preservation of natural values, beliefs as well as the natural resources was important, according to the article, which could reduce the chances of soil erosion and prevent diseases, furthermore contribute to the health and wellbeing of the people staying there. The tourism activities would promote conservation f natural resources while at the same time, there might be chances of incidents when the tourists could make the place dirty and even disrespect the culture and values of the community. The article further concluded that the state Government had the role to protect the interests of the region and furthermore conserve the natural resources to encourage the breeding of animals and enhance the World Heritage area too. References The Conversation. (2018). Paradise gained how tourism could help Tasmania's wilderness. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/paradise-gained-how-tourism-could-help-tasmanias-wilderness-36301 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Parks.tas.gov.au. (2018). Parks Wildlife Service - Threats to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. [online] Available at: https://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=667 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Kim, K., Uysal, M. and Sirgy, M.J., 2013. How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?.Tourism Management,36, pp.527-540. Garca, F.A., Vzquez, A.B. and Macas, R.C., 2015. Resident's attitudes towards the impacts of tourism.Tourism Management Perspectives,13, pp.33-40. Eventstasmania.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.eventstasmania.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/107007/Tasmania_Events_Strategy_Web.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Eventstasmania.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.eventstasmania.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/107007/Tasmania_Events_Strategy_Web.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. Garca, F.A., Vzquez, A.B. and Macas, R.C., 2015. Resident's attitudes towards the impacts of tourism.Tourism Management Perspectives,13, pp.33-40. Kim, K., Uysal, M. and Sirgy, M.J., 2013. How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?.Tourism Management,36, pp.527-540. Lee, T.H., 2013. Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development.Tourism management,34, pp.37-46. Parks.tas.gov.au. (2018). Parks Wildlife Service - Threats to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. [online] Available at: https://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=667 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018]. The Conversation. (2018). Paradise gained how tourism could help Tasmania's wilderness. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/paradise-gained-how-tourism-could-help-tasmanias-wilderness-36301 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].